Regardless of when or where employed, the Armed Forces of the United States abide by US values, constitutional principles, and standards for the profession of arms. The military has various capabilities that are useful in non-conflict situations (such as in foreign relief). Coercion generates effects through the application of force (to include the threat of force) to compel an adversary or prevent our being compelled. Fundamentally, the military instrument is coercive in nature, to include the integral aspect of military capability that opposes external coercion. The ultimate purpose of the US Armed Forces is to fight and win the Nation’s wars. The US employs the military instrument of national power at home and abroad in support of its national security goals. Every DOD action that is planned or executed, word that is written or spoken, and image that is displayed or relayed, communicates the intent of DOD, and by extension the USG, with the resulting potential for strategic effects. DOD operates in a dynamic age of interconnected global networks and evolving social media platforms. Previously considered in the context of traditional nation-states, the concept of information as an instrument of national power extends to non-state actors-such as terrorists and transnational criminal groups-that are using information to further their causes and undermine those of the USG and our allies. Information remains an important instrument of national power and a strategic resource critical to national security. In these circumstances, the chief of mission and the country team or another diplomatic mission team may have complementary activities (employing the diplomatic instrument) that do I – Informational The chief of mission, normally the US ambassador, and the corresponding country team are normally in charge of diplomatic-military activities in a country abroad. Geographic combatant commanders (GCCs) are responsible for aligning military activities with diplomatic activities in their assigned areas of responsibility (AORs). The credible threat of force reinforces, and in some cases, enables the diplomatic process. The Department of State (DOS) is the USG lead agency for foreign affairs. Diplomacy is a principal means of organizing coalitions and alliances, which may include states and non-state entities, as partners, allies, surrogates, and/or proxies. D – Diplomaticĭiplomacy is the principal instrument for engaging with other states and foreign groups to advance US values, interests, and objectives, and to solicit foreign support for US military operations. The appropriate governmental officials, often with NSC direction, normally coordinate the employment of instruments of national power. According to Joint Publication 1, The ability of the US to advance its national interests is dependent on the effectiveness of the United States Government (USG) in employing the instruments of national power to achieve national strategic objectives. In the American perspective, the instruments of national power are: Diplomacy, Information, Military, and Economic (DIME). The most recent (interim) NSS (March 2021) is available via the White House Web site. The United States National Security Strategy (NSS) is a mandated by Congress and is the principal document that lays out how the President plans to use the instruments of power to achieve US National Security objectives. The phrase instruments of national power refers to the tools a country uses to influence other countries or international organizations or even non-state actors. Social includes economic, political, military, psychological and informational. National includes geography, resources, and population. National power stems from various elements, also called instruments or attributes these may be put into two groups based on their applicability and origin – “national” and “social“. National power is defined as the sum of all resources available to a nation in the pursuit of national objectives.
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